Programming Basics

About C programming

Dennis Ritchie was the founder
Procedural oriented programming language
    Examples for procedural oriented programming :- basic, fortran, cobol etc.
Object Oriented Programming examples : C++, Java, VB etc


Structure of a C program


 #include<header file name. h>
User defined function declaration
main()
{
Body of main function;
}
User defined function definition.


Every program is devided into modules called functions.
User must define a main function anywhere in the program.
 User can define functions other than main too.
The execution of a program starts from the main function.
Other functions must be defined before or after main function.
Every function body is enclosed within the pair of braces. i.e., {}.
Comments may appear anywhere in the program, the comments where placed between the
delimiters, /*and*/.


Use of Comments in a Program


Specify the programs pricipal
Specify the keyword usage
Specify modules
We can add single line comments followed by // i.e., //comment
Can add multi-line comments by using
/* comment */ methode.


The C Character set


Numeric 0-9
Alphabets a-z
Alphabets A-Z
Special characters + - ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) / \ ] [ { } ; : ‘ “  ? > < , .
Combination of these characters such as <=  >=   &&  ||  !=  \n  \b  \t  \a etc.


Data types in C
int             - to represent integer type data
char         -to represent character or string type data
float         -to represent floating point number
double     -to represent double floating point number
void         -null value


Data type Qualifiers (Modifiers) 


 A data type qualifier used to alters the meaning of the base type to more precisely fit a specific

need. We cant apply the modifier on void data type. The modifiers used in C are
short
long
signed
unsigned


Tokens in C


Tokens are the smallest individual elements, which are identified by the compiler. Tokens in C
can be categorized as :
Identifiers
Keywords
Constants
Variable
Operators

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